Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic Psychology
Conscious and subconscious forces of the mind
Behaviors are often determined by subconscious forces
Threatening desires are often repressed (hidden from consciousness).
Subconscious mind is driven by aggressive and sexual desires.
Subconscious mind comes through in dreams, emotions or slips of the tongue (Freudian slips).
Disorders are the result of conflicts between unconscious and conscious mind.
Parts of the mind according to Freud
Superego = the internalized cultural expectations
Ego = part of the mind that tries to balance the demands of the Superego with the drives of the id.
Id = people’s basic instinctual drives
Behaviorism
“Psychology as the behaviorists views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of human behavior” (Watson 1913)
Who cares what we think. How can we control what drives us to behave the way we do?
What can we observe directly?
Structuralism and functionalism were failures.
Psychoanalysis was not scientific.
Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov and his dogs
B.F. Skinner
Humanistic
Rejects behaviorism ’s strict science and determinism
Focuses on free will and decision making
-we choose to be the best we can (meet our potential)
Abraham Maslow
We try to meet our hierarchy of needs
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Pioneer in the study of developmental psychology who introduced a stage theory of cognitive development that led to a better understanding of children’s thought processes.
Interested in how thinking develops
Believed younger children thought differently than older children
Psychoanalytic Psychology
Conscious and subconscious forces of the mind
Behaviors are often determined by subconscious forces
Threatening desires are often repressed (hidden from consciousness).
Subconscious mind is driven by aggressive and sexual desires.
Subconscious mind comes through in dreams, emotions or slips of the tongue (Freudian slips).
Disorders are the result of conflicts between unconscious and conscious mind.
Parts of the mind according to Freud
Superego = the internalized cultural expectations
Ego = part of the mind that tries to balance the demands of the Superego with the drives of the id.
Id = people’s basic instinctual drives
Behaviorism
“Psychology as the behaviorists views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of human behavior” (Watson 1913)
Who cares what we think. How can we control what drives us to behave the way we do?
What can we observe directly?
Structuralism and functionalism were failures.
Psychoanalysis was not scientific.
Behaviorism
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov and his dogs
B.F. Skinner
Humanistic
Rejects behaviorism ’s strict science and determinism
Focuses on free will and decision making
-we choose to be the best we can (meet our potential)
Abraham Maslow
We try to meet our hierarchy of needs
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Pioneer in the study of developmental psychology who introduced a stage theory of cognitive development that led to a better understanding of children’s thought processes.
Interested in how thinking develops
Believed younger children thought differently than older children